(a) Current farm economic conditions in the State of Nebraska have resulted in unemployment, outmigration of people, loss of agricultural jobs, and difficulty in attracting and retaining farm operations; and

(b) Major revisions in Nebraska's tax structure are necessary to accomplish economic revitalization of rural Nebraska and to be competitive with other states involved in economic revitalization and development of agriculture.

(2) Board means the Beginning Farmer Board created by section 77-5204;

(3) Farm means any tract of land over ten acres in area used for or devoted to the commercial production of farm products;

(4) Farm product means those plants and animals useful to man and includes, but is not limited to, forages and sod crops, grains and feed crops, dairy and dairy products, poultry and poultry products, livestock, including breeding and grazing livestock, fruits, and vegetables;

(5) Farming or livestock production means the active use, management, and operation of real and personal property for the production of a farm product;

(6) Financial management program means a program for beginning farmers or livestock producers which includes, but is not limited to, assistance in the creation and proper use of record-keeping systems, periodic private consultations with licensed financial management personnel, year-end monthly cash flow analysis, and detailed enterprise analysis;

(7) Owner of agricultural assets means:

(a) An individual or trustee who (i) is a resident individual as defined in section 77- 2714.01, (ii) in the case of an individual, has derived at least fifty percent of his or her gross annual income for income tax purposes from farming or livestock production, or in the case of a trustee, the trust has derived at least fifty percent of its income for income tax purposes from farming or livestock production, (iii) has provided the majority of the day-to-day physical labor and management of a farm over a period of time deemed sufficient to qualify for the granting of tax credits under the act by the board, and (iv) has other such qualifications as determined by the board;

(b) A spouse, child, or sibling who acquires an ownership interest in agricultural assets as a joint tenant, heir, or devisee of an individual or trustee who would qualify as an owner of agricultural assets under subdivision (7)(a) of this section;

(c) A partnership (i) which has at least one general partner that is a resident individual as defined in section 77-2714.01, (ii) which derives at least fifty percent of its income from farming or livestock production, and (iii) in which one or more partners have provided the majority of the day-to-day physical labor and management of a farm over a period of time deemed sufficient to qualify for the granting of tax credits by the board; or

(d) A corporation or syndicate qualified to own agricultural land under Article XII, section 8, of the Constitution of Nebraska;

(9) Share-rent agreement means a rental agreement in which the principal consideration given to the owner of agricultural assets is a predetermined portion of the production of farm products from the rented agricultural assets.

(2) To approve and certify owners of agricultural assets as eligible for the tax credits authorized by sections 77-5211 to 77-5213;

(3) To advocate joint ventures between beginning farmers or livestock producers and existing private and public credit and banking licensed institutions, as well as to advocate joint ventures with owners of agricultural assets desiring to assist beginning farmers and livestock producers seeking entry into farming or livestock production;

(4) To provide necessary and reasonable assistance and support to beginning farmers and livestock producers for qualification and participation in financial management programs approved by the board;

(5) To advocate appropriate changes in policies and programs of other public and private institutions or agencies which will directly benefit beginning farmers and livestock producers and may include changes regarding financing, taxation, and any other existing policies which prohibit or impede individuals from entering into farming or livestock production;

(6) To provide adequate explanations of facts and aspects of available programs offered or recommended by the board intended for beginning farmers and livestock producers;

(7) To assist and educate beginning farmers and livestock producers by acting as a liaison between beginning farmers or livestock producers and the Nebraska Investment Finance Authority;

(8) To encourage licensed financial institutions and individuals to use alternative amortization schedules for loans and land contracts granted to beginning farmers and livestock producers;

(9) To refer beginning farmers and livestock producers to agencies and organizations which may provide additional pertinent information and assistance;

(10) To provide any other assistance and support the board deems necessary and appropriate in order for entry into farming or livestock production;

(11) To adopt and promulgate rules and regulations necessary to carry out the purposes of the Beginning Farmer Tax Credit Act, including criteria required for tax credit eligibility and financial management program certification and guidelines which constitute a viably sized farm that is necessary to adequately support a beginning farmer or livestock producer. Such guidelines shall vary and take into account the region of the state, number of acres, land quality and type, type of operation, type of crops or livestock raised, and other factors of farming or livestock production; and

(12) To keep minutes of the board's meetings and other books and records which will adequately reflect actions and decisions of the board and to provide an annual report to the Governor, the Legislative Fiscal Analyst, and the Clerk of the Legislature by December 1.

(2) The Tax Commissioner or his or her designee;

(3) One individual representing lenders of agricultural credit;

(4) One individual of the academic community with extensive knowledge and insight in the analysis of agricultural economic issues; and

(5) Three individuals, one from each congressional district, who are currently engaged in farming or livestock production and are representative of a variety of farming or livestock production interests based on size of farm, type of farm operation, net worth of farm operation, and geographic location.

All members of the board shall be resident individuals as defined in section 77-2714.01. Members of the board listed in subdivisions (3) through (5) of this section shall be appointed by the Governor with the approval of a majority of the Legislature. All appointments shall be for terms of four years.

Vacancies in the appointed membership of the board shall be filled for the unexpired term by appointment by the Governor. Members of the board shall serve the full term and until a successor has been appointed by the Governor and approved by the Legislature. Any member is eligible for reappointment. Any member may be removed from the board by the Governor or by an affirmative vote by any four members of the board for incompetence, neglect of duty, or malfeasance.

(2) The number of qualified beginning farmers and livestock producers receiving assistance from the board;

(3) The number of owners of agricultural assets claiming tax credits and the monetary amount of credits granted by the board; and

(4) Any other relevant information which the board deems necessary to report.

No information furnished to the board shall be disclosed in the report in such a way as to reveal information from a tax return of any person.

(2) The credit allowed shall be for renting agricultural assets used for farming or livestock production. Such credit shall be granted by the Department of Revenue only after approval and certification by the board and a written three-year rental agreement for such assets is entered into between an owner of agricultural assets and a qualified beginning farmer or livestock producer. An owner of agricultural assets or qualified beginning farmer or livestock producer may terminate such agreement for reasonable cause upon approval by the board. If an agreement is terminated without fault on the part of the owner of agricultural assets as determined by the board, the tax credit shall not be retroactively disallowed. If an agreement is terminated with fault on the part of the owner of agricultural assets as determined by the board, any prior tax credits claimed by such owner shall be disallowed and recaptured and shall be immediately due and payable to the State of Nebraska.

(3) A credit may be granted to an owner of agricultural assets for renting agricultural assets, including cash rent of agricultural assets or cash equivalent of a share-rent agreement, to any qualified beginning farmer or livestock producer for a period of three years. An owner of agricultural assets shall not be eligible for further credits under the Beginning Farmer Tax Credit Act unless the rental agreement is terminated prior to the end of the three-year period through no fault of the owner of agricultural assets. If the board finds that such a termination was not the fault of the owner of agricultural assets, it may approve the owner for credits arising from a subsequent qualifying rental agreement with a different qualified beginning farmer or livestock producer.

(4) Any credit allowable to a partnership, a corporation, a syndicate, or an estate or trust may be distributed to the partners, members, shareholders, or beneficiaries. Any credit distributed shall be distributed in the same manner as income is distributed.

(2) To qualify for the greater rate of credit allowed under subdivision (1)(b) of this section, a share-rent agreement shall provide for sharing of production expenses or risk of loss, or both, between the agricultural asset owner and the qualified beginning farmer or livestock producer. The board may adopt and promulgate rules and regulations, consistent with the policy objectives of the act, to further define the standards that share-rent agreements shall meet or approval and certification of the tax credit under the act.

(3) The board shall review each existing three-year rental agreement between a beginning farmer or livestock producer and an owner of agricultural assets on a semiannual basis and shall either certify or terminate program eligibility for beginning farmers or livestock producers or tax credits granted to owners of agricultural assets on an annual basis.

(a) A credit equal to the federal credit allowed under section 22 of the Internal Revenue Code; and

(b) A credit for taxes paid to another state as provided in section 77-2730.

(a) For returns filed reporting federal adjusted gross incomes of greater than twenty- nine thousand dollars, a nonrefundable credit equal to twenty-five percent of the federal credit allowed under section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;

(b) For returns filed reporting federal adjusted gross income of twenty-nine thousand dollars or less, a refundable credit equal to a percentage of the federal credit allowable under section 21 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, whether or not the federal credit was limited by the federal tax liability. The percentage of the federal credit shall be one hundred percent for incomes not greater than twenty-two thousand dollars, and the percentage shall be reduced by ten percent for each one thousand dollars, or fraction thereof, by which the reported federal adjusted gross income exceeds twenty-two thousand dollars;

(c) A refundable credit for individuals who qualify for an income tax credit under the Beginning Farmer Tax Credit Act for all taxable years beginning or deemed to begin on or after January 1, 2001, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended; and

(d) A refundable credit for individuals who qualify for an income tax credit under the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act or the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act; and

(e) A refundable credit equal to eight percent of the federal credit allowed under section 32 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

(a) A credit for personal exemptions allowed under section 77-2716.01; and

(b) A credit for contributions to certified community betterment programs as provided in the Community Development Assistance Act. Each partner, each shareholder of an electing subchapter S corporation, each beneficiary of an estate or trust, or each member of a limited liability company shall report his or her share of the credit in the same manner and proportion as he or she reports the partnership, subchapter S corporation, estate, trust, or limited liability company income.

(a) A credit to all resident estates and trusts for taxes paid to another state as provided in section 77-2730; and,

(b) A credit to all estates and trusts for contributions to certified community betterment programs as provided in the Community Development Assistance Act.

(a) The tax imposed on all resident estates and trusts shall be a percentage of the federal taxable income of such estates and trusts as modified in section 77-2716, plus a percentage of the federal alternative minimum tax and the federal tax on premature or lump-sum distributions from qualified retirement plans. The additional taxes shall be recomputed by (i) substituting Nebraska taxable income for federal taxable income, (ii) calculating what the federal alternative minimum tax would be on Nebraska taxable income and adjusting such calculations for any items which are reflected differently in the determination of federal taxable income, and (iii) applying Nebraska rates to the result. The federal credit for prior year minimum tax, after the recomputations required by the Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967, and the credits provided in the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act, the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act, and section 77-27,222 shall be allowed as a reduction in the income tax due. A refundable income tax credit shall be allowed for all resident estates and trusts under the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act and the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act.

(b) The tax imposed on all nonresident estates and trusts shall be the portion of the tax imposed on resident estates and trusts which is attributable to the income derived from sources within this state. The tax which is attributable to income derived from sources within this state shall be determined by multiplying the liability to this state for a resident estate or trust with the same total income by a fraction, the numerator of which is the nonresident estate's or trust's Nebraska income as determined by sections 77-2724 and 77-2725 and the denominator of which is its total federal income after first adjusting each by the amounts provided in section 77-2716. The federal credit for prior year minimum tax, after the recomputations required by the Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967, reduced by the percentage of the total income which is attributable to income from sources outside this state, and the credits provided in the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act, the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act, and section 77-27,222 shall be allowed as a reduction in the income tax due. A refundable income tax credit shall be allowed for all nonresident estates and trusts under the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act and the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act.

(3) The beneficiaries of such estate or trust who are residents of this state shall include in their income their proportionate share of such estate's or trust's federal income and shall reduce their Nebraska tax liability by their proportionate share of the credits as provided in the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act, the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act, and section 77-27,222. There shall be allowed to a beneficiary a refundable income tax credit under the Beginning Farmer Tax Credit Act for all taxable years beginning or deemed to begin on or after January 1, 2001, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

(4) If any beneficiary of such estate or trust is a nonresident during any part of the estate's or trust's taxable year, he or she shall file a Nebraska income tax return which shall include (a) in Nebraska adjusted gross income that portion of the estate's or trust's Nebraska income, as determined under sections 77-2724 and 77-2725, allocable to his or her interest in the estate or trust and (b) a reduction of the Nebraska tax liability by his or her proportionate share of the credits as provided in the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act, the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act, and section 77-27,222 and shall execute and forward to the fiduciary, on or before the original due date of the Nebraska fiduciary return, an agreement which states that he or she will file a Nebraska income tax return and pay income tax on all income derived from or connected with sources in this state, and such agreement shall be attached to the Nebraska fiduciary return for such taxable year.

(5) In the absence of the nonresident beneficiary's executed agreement being attached to the Nebraska fiduciary return, the estate or trust shall remit a portion of such beneficiary's income which was derived from or attributable to Nebraska sources with its Nebraska return for the taxable year. The amount of remittance, in such instance, shall be the highest individual income tax rate determined under section 77-2715.02 multiplied by the nonresident beneficiary's share of the estate or trust income which was derived from or attributable to sources within this state. The amount remitted shall be allowed as a credit against the Nebraska income tax liability of the beneficiary.

(6) The Tax Commissioner may allow a nonresident beneficiary to not file a Nebraska income tax return if the nonresident beneficiary's only source of Nebraska income was his or her share of the estate's or trust's income which was derived from or attributable to sources within this state, the nonresident did not file an agreement to file a Nebraska income tax return, and the estate or trust has remitted the amount required by subsection (5) of this section on behalf of such nonresident beneficiary. The amount remitted shall be retained in satisfaction of the Nebraska income tax liability of the nonresident beneficiary.

(7) For purposes of this section, unless the context otherwise requires, simple trust shall mean any trust instrument which (a) requires that all income shall be distributed currently to the beneficiaries, (b) does not allow amounts to be paid, permanently set aside, or used in the tax year for charitable purposes, and (c) does not distribute amounts allocated in the corpus of the trust. Any trust which does not qualify as a simple trust shall be deemed a complex trust.

(a) For taxable years commencing prior to January 1, 1997, any (i) insurer paying a tax on premiums and assessments pursuant to section 77-908 or 81-523, (ii) electric cooperative organized under the Joint Public Power Authority Act, or (iii) credit union shall be credited, in the computation of the tax due under the Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967, with the amount paid during the taxable year as taxes on such premiums and assessments and taxes in lieu of intangible tax.

(b) For taxable years commencing on or after January 1, 1997, any insurer paying a tax on premiums and assessments pursuant to section 77-908 or 81-523, any electric cooperative organized under the Joint Public Power Authority Act, or any credit union shall be credited, in the computation of the tax due under the Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967, with the amount paid during the taxable year as (i) taxes on such premiums and assessments included as Nebraska premiums and assessments under section 77- 2734.05 and (ii) taxes in lieu of intangible tax.

(c) For taxable years commencing or deemed to commence prior to, on, or after January 1, 1998, any insurer paying a tax on premiums and assessments pursuant to section 77-908 or 81-523 shall be credited, in the computation of the tax due under the Nebraska Revenue Act of 1967, with the amount paid during the taxable year as assessments allowed as an offset against premium and related retaliatory tax liability pursuant to section 44-4233.

(3) There shall be allowed to corporate taxpayers a refundable income tax credit under the Beginning Farmer Tax Credit Act for all taxable years beginning or deemed to begin on or after January 1, 2001, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

(4) There shall be allowed to corporate taxpayers a tax credit as provided in section 77- 27,222.

(5) The changes made to this section by Laws 2004, LB 983, apply to motor fuels purchased during any tax year ending or deemed to end on or after January 1, 2005, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

(6) There shall be allowed to corporate taxpayers refundable income tax credits under the Nebraska Advantage Microenterprise Tax Credit Act and the Nebraska Advantage Research and Development Act.